In sorghum, drought tolerance is a complicated characteristic affected by various environmental factors. Sorghum is grown in semiarid to arid regions of the world and serves as the staple food for about half a billion people in subsaharan africa and asia. The sorghum transcriptome analysed in response to drought conditions revealed unequivocal traits of sensitivity and tolerance in the two sorghum genotypes studied. Sorghum mutation breeding for improving tolerance to. The role of deep roots in sorghum yield production under. The drought adaptation in sorghum relies on structural and biochemical features, i. Sorghum for drought tolerance 5 grain mass was strongly reduced by water restriction, and most genotypes showed a significant reduction under stressed conditions table 1. Most crops are not as tough as sorghum when faced with drought. The first evidence of sensitivity to drought of the genotype is20351 was represented by the physiological measurements gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence that drought. A greenhouse study was conducted at bushland, tx, 2008, using 71 rils derived from cross of tx430 x tx7078. The plant hormone ethylene is known to play a key role in drought tolerance. I, tesfamichael abraha, here by declared that the thesis entitled selection methods and genetic variability for traits related to drought resistance in sorghum which was done at the international crops research institute for the semiarid tropics, patencheru, india submitted. For the study, the team grew two sorghum varieties. Signs of drought intolerance in sorghum include leaf rolling, death of lower leaves, stunted growth and low yields.
We have examined the biochemical responses of two sorghum cultivars of differing drought tolerance, samsorg 17 more drought tolerant and samsorg 40 less drought tolerant, to sustained drought. Miscellaneous comparison of drought tolerance of maize, sweet sorghum and sorghum sudangrass hybrids s. Being a c4 cereals, is more heat and drought tolerant than c3 plants, like wheat or rice, originated from temperate region blum et al. In sorghum, recent emphasis on field screening under severe drought stress has led to significant developments in the understanding of drought tolerance. In an effort to identify new sources of drought tolerance, we evaluated 650 lines of the ethiopian collection for characterization of the stay green and senescent traits. Twoweek old seedlings of icsv 111 in were transplanted into 9 l pots filled with loamy sand 11. Corn, a close relative to sorghum, is an important food and energy crop, but after only three weeks without any water, the plants stop producing grain. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought. Agronomic and physiological assessments of genotypic variation. Droughttolerant crops to the rescue in kenya icrisat. Current and future research will emphasize comparisons of genes and their expression under drought conditions across species using sequence and mapbased tools that will. Alternate forage crops when irrigation water is limited.
Moench is an important drought tolerant crop in such areas and is a good crop model for evaluating. However, in the arid and semiarid tropics, the probability of drought is highest at the start and end of the growing season. Wue related to preflower drought tolerance in recombinant inbred lines rils of sorghum and associated qtls. Comparison of different multivariate statistical methods. Sorghum mutation breeding for improving tolerance to abiotic stresses brought about by climate change. Grain sorghum is drought tolerant and is often grown in environments where water stress is expected. Results suggest that peginduced osmotic stress on callus cultures can be used to screen sorghum cultivars for potential early field preflowering drought tolerance.
Genomewide rnaseq technology was used to compare the drought response of two sorghum genotypes characterized by contrasting water use efficiency. Srinivasa rao, p munirathnam, vishwanath, santosh deshpande, francisco zavala, nemera shargie, vincent vadez, serge braconnier and stefania grando email. While sorghum is drought tolerant, the crops precise response is dependent on when exactly water becomes a limiting factor before or after flowering. The physiological measurements carried out confirmed the drought sensitivity of is20351 and the drought tolerance of is22330 genotypes, as previously studied. By understanding how epigenetics helps crops such as sorghum with drought tolerance, farmers could better predict how cereal crops will be impacted by climate change. Silicon application ameliorated the decrease in dry weight under drought stress conditions, but had no effect on dry matter production under wet conditions. Replacing maize with droughttolerant crops such as sorghum, millets, pigeonpea, cowpea and green gram is helping farmers overcome the failure of rains and its damaging impact on maize in busia county in western kenya. Drought tolerance an overview sciencedirect topics. Improvement of sweet sorghum for drought tolerance p. The epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water. Evaluaton of different sorghum genotypes for drought resistance. Moench is an important drought tolerant crop in such areas and is a good crop model for evaluating mechanisms of moisture stress tolerance. Drought can occur at any stages of the crop development. Drought treatment restructures plants microbiomes uc.
Quantitative trait loci influencing drought tolerance in. Has good regrowth and drought tolerance of conventional sorghum sudan. Schroetter julius kuhninstitute jki, institute for crop and soil science, braunschweig, germany. Screening for drought tolerance in sorghum using cell. Drought tolerance is an important attribute of commercial corn. The adaptation of grain sorghum to a wide range of environmental conditions has led to the evolution and existence of extensive genetic variation for drought tolerance. Therefore, this study was undertaken using a ril population derived from the cross sc56. In 20, under nonstressed conditions, the mean was 21g and under stressed conditions, it was. The project is a collaboration between pmb scientists colemanderr, lemaux, taylor, and john vogel, as well as.
Unravelling genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance in. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum. Moench is the fifth most economically important cereal grown worldwide and is a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in. Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. Drought stress is the major environmental stress that affects plant growth and productivity. We will develop an irrigation management that optimizes the seasonal distribution of limited water to maximize grain yields of preflowering drought tolerant sorghum lines. Sorghum acres to grow due to drought tolerance, new varieties. It is important to know how each genotype tolerates drought stress. There are multiple cultivars of sorghum available for use as a cover crop including sorghum sudangrass hybrids sorghum bicolor. Drought tolerance in sorghum was estimated in several ways.
Sorghum is one of the most drought tolerant crop species and is an important model system for studying physiological and molecular. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in two sorghum genotypes with contrasting wue alessandra fracasso1, luisa m. Trindade2 and stefano amaducci1 abstract background. Miscellaneous comparison of drought tolerance of maize. Quantitative trait loci influencing drought tolerance in grain sorghum. Pdf drought tolerance in sorghum by pollen selection. The continued decrease in productivity of field crops in north kordofan semiarid environment mainly resulting from rainfall decline and drought. Agronomy 2019, 9, 645 2 of 18 tolerance in pearl millet and sorghum, including strategies against drought stress, improving drought tolerance, and premature plants. Postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress trials, adjustment to flowering, and mini core collection in sorghum upadhyaya, h d and dwivedi, s l and vetriventhan, m and krishnamurthy, l and singh, s k 2017 postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress trials, adjustment to flowering, and mini core collection in sorghum. Physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum. Sorghum, in contrast, can continue to produce grain for weeks without water. Pdf ten sorghum genotypes including one check js2002 were evaluated at seedling and postathesis stages for drought tolerance based. The effects of silicon application on the drought tolerance of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. This study evaluated phenotypic characteristics and physiological parameters determine which cultivars are more drought tolerant.
Drought is a problem for agricultural productivity genetic mechanisms of drought tolerance sorghum shows resilience genome sequenced paterson et al. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in. Drought tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm sciencedirect. Drought stress at the beginning of the growing season will severely affect plant. Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon. Postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress. Terminal drought tolerance terminal drought tolerance in sorghum has polygenic inheritance and hence selection is very effective for the traits governing it. Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome. The characters associated with terminal drought tolerance are nonsenescence or delayed senescence, less lodging and charcoal rot tolerance. Consequently, sorghum is expected to play an increasingly.
Selection of sorghum for drought tolerance in a semiarid. Therefore, managing droughtscreening nurseries requires a careful analysis of. Pdf physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in. Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome and enriches for monoderm bacteria ling xua,b, dan naylora,b,1.
A pollen selection study for drought tolerance using poly ethylene glycol peg as a selective agent was conducted in sorghum. Ten genotypes of sorghum suitable for post rainy season were crossed to cytoplasmic male sterile line 104a and three. An experiment was setup in a greenhouse to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of sorghum to different drought patterns. Cultivars that tolerate preflowering water deficit are advantageous for the reason that yield components such as stand, tiller number. This implies that at least a component of the early field drought tolerance in sorghum. Achievement subproject on drought tolerance in sorghum. It proved its mettle in the 2012 drought, producing decent dryland yields with very little rainfall, and epas pathway approval for sorghum ethanol should open new markets.
This study was conducted to investigate if a cell viability assay could serve as an effective, efficient screen to determine postanthesis drought tolerance in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Other options include triticale both spring and fall types, sorghum, sudangrass and hybrid sorghum sudangrass. Moench, drought resistance is a trait that is highly correlated with the thickness of the epicuticular wax layer. Drought is a major stress affecting rainfed sorghum production systems. Sorghum is poised to come into its own as an alternative to corn.
Lately maize had taken over traditional crops like sorghum and millets in busia county. Genetic analysis of the sorghum bicolor staygreen drought tolerance trait. A randomized complete block experimental design was used, with both genotype and water regime 40 and 80%. Sorghum can feed at least 5 million people in these areas due to its unique drought adaptability 2931, and sorghum roots play an important role in its drought tolerance 32. The most commonly grown alternative forage crops are the cerealsfall rye, wheat, barley and oats. Moench were investigated for two cultivars differing in drought susceptibility. Breeding efforts to address preanthesis drought have in the past led to development of early maturing sorghum genotypes that employ drought escape mechanism, including a few that combined both pre and postathesis drought tolerance ejeta and rosenow, 1993, ejeta, 1986, leslie, 2008, reddy et al. Drought is a complex phenomenon, and its considered one of the most important factors. Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon nutrition. A recent study showed that grain sorghum had a yield and economic advantage over corn in dryland regions because of better drought and temperature tolerance 57. Experiments have demonstrated that rice varieties with a thick cuticle layer retain their leaf turgor for longer periods of time after the onset of a waterstress.
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